Lead was banned in US residential paints by 1978, so properties built after 1978 should be free from lead-based paints. Homes built between 1950 and 1978 may contain lead-based paint, although other types of paints were used. Homes built before 1950 have the greatest chance of containing some lead-based paint. The older the house, the greater the chance it contains lead.

As lead paint ages, it causes invisible, yet toxic dust as it chips, peels, cracks, chalks or through friction. Lead dust is the #1 cause of childhood lead poisoning. Children are most susceptible to the effects of the neurotoxin lead, which can affect normal brain development. Sources of lead dust include:

  • Deteriorated paint – paint that is chipping, peeling, cracking or chalking

  • Renovated surfaces that contain old paint – this includes do-it-yourself window replacement

  • Leaded gasoline exhaust. Soil within several feet of roads is contaminated from years of leaded gasoline use.

  • Lead in soil. Removing shoes at the door will help contain some lead dust from soil. Be aware that newer properties built where orchards used to grow contain possible lead arsenate pesticides in the soil.

  • Family member works in a lead-related industry (car repair, firing range, lead acid battery, stained glass, smelter, pottery, solder)

If you live in a house that contains lead, cleaning techniques that are more effective include:

  • Use a HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter vacuum, which removes 99.97% of dust particulates, including lead. If a HEPA is not available, vacuum when children are not present. Lead dust can stay suspended in the air for up to an hour.

  • Vacuum heating ducts before operating furnace.

  • When dealing with lead dust, wet is best. Use a cleaning solution high in phosphates, such as Spic N Span or automatic dishwasher powdered soap. Mix ¼ cup to 1 gallon warm water, and wear rubber gloves while cleaning. Wipe surfaces with the phosphate solution, then rinse with clean water. Change water in buckets for each room or as necessary, and pour water down toilet.

  • Removing carpets makes cleaning easier. Carpets can trap lead dust and allergens, which can also cause asthma. If possible, consider removing carpets, especially if they are contaminated with lead dust.

Be aware that pet fur can contain lead dust, from outdoors or contaminated window sills. Make sure that children wash hands after petting animals, and keep any child-accessible pet bedding clean.

Wash items frequently, such as blankets, soft toys and other stuffed animals. Hard plastic toys should be cleaned and rinsed well frequently, especially toys the child puts in the mouth. If family member work in a lead industry, wash clothes separate from children’s clothes to prevent cross contamination.